“We are all much more simply human than otherwise, be we happy and successful, contented and detached, miserable and mentally disordered, or whatever.” – Harry Stack Sullivan
Not many people have ever heard of it but the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual (DSM) 5, (American Psychiatric Association 2013) is used by paediatricians and psychiatrists world wide as an aid to diagnosis. In the DSM, ‘echolalia’ (immediate or delayed) is listed as a significant symptom leading to a diagnosis of autistic syndrome disorder (ASD). The DSM describes echolalia as an example of a repetitive pattern of behaviour that may include verbatim repetition of words, phrases or more extensive parts of dialogue or songs. The DSM says that these utterances do not appear to be relevant to the current situation. Echoing (echolalia) is seen as a symptom of an underlying condition, a sign that something is wrong.